Comparative Insights into Acute Gastroenteritis in Cattle Caused by Bovine Rotavirus A and Bovine Coronavirus

Figures

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  Figure 1. (a) Negative-staining electron microscopy reveals the characteristic wheel-like morphology of RV [20]. (b) A negative-staining electron micrograph of a CoV virion [21].

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  Figure 2. (a) A schematic of a triple-layered RV particle featuring the inner capsid (VP1, VP2, VP3), middle capsid (VP6), outer capsid (VP7), and spike protein (VP4) [22]. (b) A diagram of the CoV virion’s structure, featuring the nucleocapsid (N) protein and viral RNA genome at its core, encased in an envelope containing the spike (S), hemagglutinin–esterase (HE), membrane (M), and envelope (E) proteins [23].

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  Figure 3. (a) A one-week-old calf exhibiting gastrointestinal signs, showing an example of yellowish diarrhea caused by BCoV [40]. (b) Hemorrhagic diarrhea resulting from BCoV infection [40]. Both images are courtesy of Cabinet Vétérinaire de Riom-es-Montagnes, Cantal, France.

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  Figure 4. (a) A section of an intestine from a calf infected with RV, stained with H&E, reveals villous exfoliation, engorged capillary plexuses, and moderate infiltration of the lamina propria in the ileum [58]. (b) An intestinal section from a calf infected with BCoV presents thick homogeneous necrotic material covering the ulcerated mucosa of the colon, as indicated by the arrows [58].