Pulmonary sarcoidosis developing during infliximab therapy

Introduction The use of anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents is expanding rapidly in many different areas of medical practice. With this increasing use and longer followup periods, a wider range of possible adverse effects may be encountered. We report the development of pulmonary sarcoidosis occurring in the context of 5 years of successful infliximab treatment for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Current evidence supports the efficacy of infliximab for the treatment of granulomatous inflammation such as Crohn’s disease, therefore our finding seems paradoxical and highlights the need for vigilance in long-term monitoring of anti-TNF therapy.