How different viruses perturb host cellular machinery via short linear motifs

Figures

• 

  Table 1. Examples of viral mimicry candidates characterised by viral subtypes

• 

  Table 2. SLiM discovery/prediction tools that can help in predicting new mimicry candidates

• 

  Figure 1. Replication cycle of ssRNA viruses. A) The replication cycle of PSVs: The virus is attached to a host cell and releases a +sense of its ssRNA. This +sense molecule is then translated into a single polyprotein molecule broken down into a protein. This protein is a template for the replication of the virus. B) The replication cycle of NSVs: The RNA in the NSV is transcribed into an mRNA, which can be further transcribed to a full-length +sense strand. The virus is then packaged and released from the cell, and the virus polymerase plays a role in transcription. Once the virus has been packaged and assembled, it is released outside of the cell (created using BioRender.com).

• 

  Figure 2. Replication cycle of dsRNA viruses. The virus attaches to the host cell and transcribes its dsRNA into mRNA. This mRNA is then packaged, resulting in the production of an early replicate particle. Subsequently, complementary RNA is produced, resulting in a late replicate particle released as a mature virus (created using BioRender.com).

• 

  Figure 3. Replication cycle of ssDNA virus. Replication cycle of ssDNA virus. ssDNA viruses bind and enter their host cells to start their life cycle. As the ssDNA gets inside the vesicle, it releases its ssDNA within the nucleus—next, the ssDNA changes into dsDNA, which is then translated into early cytoplasmic mRNA. The early messenger RNA is then translated into different regulatory proteins that help to replicate the whole genome. Structural proteins are produced by translating the mRNA from the dsDNA transcription. Packaged and released outside the cell are newly duplicated ssDNA and structural proteins (created using BioRender.com).

• 

  Figure 4. Replication cycle of dsDNA virus. The attachment and penetration of the virus into the cell marks the start of the dsDNA virus life cycle. A vesicle carrying the virus enters the cell. Once it enters the nucleus, it releases its dsDNA molecule. The dsDNA gets translated into mRNA once it is within the nucleus. Regulatory proteins are produced through translation of the mRNA in the cytoplasm. Regulatory proteins aid DNA replication and mRNA transcription into structural proteins. After being enclosed in a capsid, the freshly copied DNA and the structural proteins are liberated from the cell (created using BioRender.com).