Design of Directional Circularly-polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Different Radiating Angles

A directional circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna for different main-beam angles is designed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. It is a single-feed, single-layer structure. For demonstration, the main-beam angle θ is designed at 30◦ and a 5G frequency of 5.8 GHz. To verify our design, a prototype is fabricated using 3D-printing technology. Its reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, realized gain, and the total antenna efficiency are measured. Measured results show good agreement with simulated ones. The prototype has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 37.24% (4.84–7 GHz), a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 15.52% (5.3–6.2 GHz), a peak gain of 5.87 dBi, and a peak total antenna efficiency of 96%. It has a low profile of 0.2λ₀, where λ₀ is the free-space wavelength at 5.8 GHz.