An analytical study on aqua-chemicals and drugs used in freshwater aquaculture at Keshabpur Upazila in Jashore, Bangladesh

Chemical and drug use in Bangladesh’s aquaculture has become widespread to boost productivity. This study investigated the current status of aqua-chemical and drug usage in freshwater aquaculture through a field survey conducted from January to March 2025 in Keshabpur Upazila, Jashore, Bangladesh. Data were collected using structured questionnaires through interviews with 45 fish farmers and 20 aqua-chemical retailers, supported by participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 13 groups. Information on product names, manufacturers, active ingredients, recommended dosages, and market prices was documented. Results showed that ACI Animal Health Ltd. supplied the highest proportion of products (12%), while Novartis Animal Health had the lowest share (4.66%). Seven major categories of aqua-chemicals were commonly used, including water quality enhancers, disinfectants, gas reducers, oxygen suppliers, growth promoters, antibiotics, and probiotics. Based on a structured three-item knowledge score, only 31.1% of farmers possessed adequate knowledge regarding proper dosage, application methods, and potential adverse impacts. Reported practices indicated misuse and indiscriminate application, raising concerns over environmental and health risks. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted farmer training and stronger regulatory oversight of aqua-chemical usage, particularly to promote responsible antibiotic stewardship and reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance.