Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Conjugated Fluorophores with N‐Heteroaromatic Rings

Abstract Fluorescent molecules are vital parts of modern chemistry and find widespread use in our daily lives, being potent tools for quantitatively and qualitatively determining analytes in many habitats, including living systems. Their exceptional properties allow us to visualize and understand complex biological processes, even beyond intracellular levels, advancing our knowledge of life; they also play a focal role in materials science and the environment. All these facts highlight these compounds′ impact in all sciences despite several restricted uses since many dyes have poor synthetic viability and biocompatibility with limited optical and electronic properties. These flaws could be solved by conjugating a representative fluorophore with an N‐heteroaromatic moiety, which has proven helpful in this target. Thus, this review aims to analyze advances from the years 2019 to 2023 in syntheses and photophysical properties of N‐heteroaromatic compounds conjugated with (i) triphenylamine (TPA), (ii) coumarin (CM), (iii) boron complexes (BC), or (iv) aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs).