Constraining crustal structure in the presence of sediment: a multiple converted wave approach

SUMMARY Receiver functions are sensitive to sharp seismic velocity variations with depth and are commonly used to constrain crustal thickness. The H–κ stacking method of Zhu & Kanamori is often used to constrain both the crustal thickness (H) and VP/VS ratio (κ) beneath a seismic station using P-to-s converted waves (Ps). However, traditional H–κ stacks require an assumption of average crustal velocity (usually VP). Additionally, large amplitude reverberations from low velocity shallow layers, such as sedimentary basins, can overprint sought-after crustal signals, rendering traditional H–\ κ stacking uninterpretable. We overcome these difficulties in two ways. When S-wave reverberations from sediment are present, they are removed by applying a resonance removal filter allowing crustal signals to be clarified and interpreted. We also combine complementary Ps receiver functions, Sp receiver functions, and the post-critical P-wave reflection from the Moho (SPmp) to remove the dependence on an assumed average crustal VP. By correcting for sediment and combining multiple data sets, the crustal thickness, average crustal P-wave velocity and crustal VP/VS ratio is constrained in geological regions where traditional H–\ κ stacking fails, without making an initial P-wave velocity assumption or suffering from contamination by sedimentary reverberations.