Review: no definite conclusions can be drawn as to the effect of psychological factors in congestive heart failure

MacMahon KM, Lip GY. Psychological factors in heart failure: a review of the literature. Arch Intern Med2002 Mar 11 ; 162 : 509 –16. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: What are the effects of depression, anxiety, coping style, and level of social support in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF)? Studies were identified by searching Medline, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, and PsycLIT (1965–2000) using the terms congestive heart failure, depression, anxiety, social support, coping styles, and psychology; and scanning the reference lists of identified studies. Studies were selected if they included patients ≥18 years of age with CHF due to any underlying cause and addressed issues of depression, anxiety, or social support. Studies in which disease comorbidity was insufficiently distinguished in the analysis were excluded. Data were extracted on patient demographics; cardiology status; measurement instruments; and study eligibility, quality, and outcomes. 12 studies met the selection criteria. 4 longitudinal studies investigated depression in CHF. 1 study found that after 1 year a statistically non-significant trend existed with higher mortality in patients with depression and CHF (50%) than in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DArch%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DMacMahon%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%2BM.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D162%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D509%26rft.epage%253D516%26rft.atitle%253DPsychological%2BFactors%2Bin%2BHeart%2BFailure%253A%2BA%2BReview%2Bof%2Bthe%2BLiterature%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Farchinte.162.5.509%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11871918%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/archinte.162.5.509&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11871918&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmental%2F5%2F4%2F124.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000174270400002&link_type=ISI