Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
This paper, the third in a series of four review papers to appear in this journal, presents a number of descriptions of various modeling and simulation techniques and, briefly, the associated experimental results in connection with ionic polymer-metal composites and, in general, ionic polymer-conductor composites, as soft biomimetic distributed sensors, actuators, transducers, and artificial muscles.
Shahinpoor et al. (2004) studied this question.