Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaves aqueous extract mediated synthesis of zinc nanoparticles and their antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and cutaneous wound healing properties under in vitro and in vivo conditions

Lam Ziziphora clinopodioides Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant medicine is under exploration is due to wide biomedica applications and research interest in nanotechnology, the recent study was assessing green synthesis of zinc nanoparticle using ), the use of plant material Ziziphora leaves extract (ZnNPs@ not only makes the process eco‐friendly but also the abundance makes it more economical. Also, in this study, Vis. and– were characterized using different techniques including UV Ziziphora were synthesized in aqueous medium using the plant extract as stabilizing and reducing agents. The synthesized ZnNPs@ Ziziphora conditions. ZnNPs@ in vivo and in vitro under Ziziphora we investigated the therapeutical properties of ZnNPs@ FT‐IR spectroscopy, . SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology in size of 32.34 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectrometry (EDS), and‐X Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhimurium part of this study, these nanoparticles indicated excellent antibacterial properties against Gram‐negative bacteria ( in vitro nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. In the biological , and Candida krusei , Candida albicans , Candida glabrata ), antifungal potentials against Bacillus subtilis , and Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumonia O157:H7) and Gram‐positive bacteria ( leaves aqueous extract can be used to yield zinc nanoparticles with a significant amount of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cutaneous wound healing properties without any cytotoxicity. Z. clinopodioides ointment ameliorated the cutaneous wounds with increasing the levels of wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and decreeing the wound area, total cells, and lymphocyte compared to other groups in rats. The results of UV, FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, EDS, and TGA confirm that the Ziziphora part of our experiment, ZnNPs@ in vivo , non‐cytotoxicity effect against human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and antioxidant activity against DPPH. In the biological Candida guilliermondii