Demographics and clinical outcomes of autistic children and adolescents receiving psychiatric in-patient care in the Thames Valley from 2019 to 2024: retrospective cohort study

Background Many autistic adolescents receive in-patient psychiatric care from services that are ill-equipped to meet neurodivergent needs. However, the outcomes for autistic adolescents accessing in-patient care remain poorly understood. Aims To document the demographics and clinical outcomes of autistic adolescents referred to in-patient psychiatric services over a 5-year period and compare these with those of their allistic peers accessing the same services. Method We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving all adolescents (aged 12–17 years inclusive) referred for in-patient psychiatric care through the Thames Valley Provider Collaborative between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2024. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of referrals for autistic and allistic adolescents were collected and summarised from routine service data. Inferential statistics (including t -tests and chi-squared tests) were used to compare characteristics between the autistic and allistic groups. Results Autistic adolescents were more likely than their allistic peers to be referred in an emergency (24.6 v . 16.6%) and for risk management (53.7 v . 33.5%). Autistic adolescents without an eating disorder had longer average length of stay than their peers (146.1 v. 97.5 days) and were more likely to be discharged to more secure settings following admission (12.9 v . 7.7%). Emerging evidence from routine outcome measures suggests less positive progress during in-patient care and greater impairment among autistic adolescents at both admission and discharge. Conclusions There are important differences in outcomes from psychiatric in-patient admissions between autistic and allistic adolescents. Greater work is needed to understand these differences and the factors influencing treatment success for autistic adolescents.