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Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) are a type of membranous vesicle isolated from plant tissues. They contain proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other components. PELNs are involved in the defensive response to pathogen attacks by exerting anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifibrotic, and antitumor effects through the substances they contain. Most PELNs are edible and can be used as carriers for delivering specific drugs without toxicity and side effects, making them a hot topic of research. Sources of PELNs are abundantly, and they can be produced in high yields, with a low risk of developing immunogenicity in vivo. This paper summarizes the formation, isolation, and purification methods; physical properties; and composition of PELNs through a comprehensive literature search. It also analyzes the biomedical applications of PELNs, as well as future research directions. This paper provides new ideas and methods for future research on PELNs.
Sha et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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