When 6-day-old (immature) pupae of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were irradiated in nitrogen with doses of 10, 12, or 14 krad, the males had a higher level of sterility than males irradiated in nitrogen as 9-day-old (mature) pupae with 14 krad. However, sexual competitiveness, ability to inseminate females, and production of sex pheromones to attract females of flies irradiated as immature pupae were significantly reduced compared with flies irradiated as mature pupae.
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Zümreoğlu et al. (1979) studied this question.