Dealing with diagnostic bias and uncertainty: What is the burden of proof in toxicology?

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Establishing a clear burden of proof is necessary to address diagnostic bias and uncertainty in toxicology, where gold-standard diagnostic criteria are often lacking compared to other medical specialties. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Mark K. Su; Heather Brunette; Marina Frayberg; Sanjay Mohan

doi:10.1080/15563650.2026.2698028

July 23, 2026Clinical Toxicology

Dealing with diagnostic bias and uncertainty: What is the burden of proof in toxicology?

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Key Points

The aim is to investigate how diagnostic bias and uncertainty impact the burden of proof in toxicological assessments.
Reviewed existing literature on diagnostic criteria and bias in toxicology.
Analyzed implications of uncertainty in toxicological evidence for safety assessments.
Identified significant gaps in the reliability of current toxicological diagnostic criteria.
Highlighted the need for improved standards to minimize bias in toxicological evaluations.

Implication

This review explores diagnostic bias and uncertainty in toxicology, highlighting implications for proving safety.

Abstract

Accurate and reliable diagnostic criteria exist for many disease processes and are commonly referred to as “gold-standard” criteria. As an example, the “gold-standard” definition of myocardial infa...

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Cite This Study

Su et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a65a337d3aea3239cd76724 https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2026.2698028

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Dealing with diagnostic bias and uncertainty: What is the burden of proof in toxicology?

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Dealing with diagnostic bias and uncertainty: What is the burden of proof in toxicology?

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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