Hantavirus: A Zoonotic Pathogen and Its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development

Zoonoses meaning the transmission of infections between animals and humans, remain a challenge for human and veterinary health institutions worldwide. Despite advancements in various medical fields, there are still failures in eradicating zoonotic pathogens and preventing their recurring outbreaks, especially viral ones. Among these zoonotic virus is Hantavirus (single-stranded RNA), that emergence has caused panic and fears due to its high mortality rate. The infection is primarily transmitted to humans through rodents such as mice, causing serious illnesses such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Therefore, reviewing basic information about this infection, the role of environmental factors, and modes of transmission is crucial for prevention, enabling to avoid infection and mitigate human, animal, and economic losses. One of the most important strategies for infection control is the implementation of the One Health approach, which closely integrates human, animal, and environmental health—the golden triad—and is linked to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This approach aims for comprehensive improvements in the environment, veterinary care, and human well-being.