Proposes a model for observation and dimensional reduction in theoretical physics, suggesting new mathematical pathways.
This paper proposes an observation model based on phenomenon space and noumenon space and its related mathematics. This model proposes that observation is essentially a dimensional reduction operation on the system being observed, which causes the observation dimension of the entity to be pushed into imaginary space, rendering it unobservable. This leads to a series of preparatory mathematics for the phenomenon-noumenon theory (Hereinafter referred to as noumenon mathematics). It can serve as a shared mathematical framework for research at the physical level. Observation operators form the cornerstone of this mathematics: ˆOnk : Rn → iRk ×Rn−1 (i is imaginary unit) This operation may bring some interesting directions and discussions to fundamental theoretical physics.
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Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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