Performance enhancement of polymer composites using agro-waste-derived Artabotrys hexapetalus seed particle reinforcements

This study explores the potential of agro-waste-derived fillers in enhancing the performance of polymer composites, with an emphasis on sustainable material development. Artabotrys hexapetalus seed particles, obtained from agricultural residues, were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that the Artabotrys hexapetalus seed particles exhibit an amorphous structure, with a crystalline size of 14.03 nm and a crystallinity index of 10.8%. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed the porous and rough surface morphology of the particles. Furthermore, the compression molding method were utilized to fabricate the composite by varying the particle content from 0 to 20 wt% and subjected to mechanical, thermal, and water absorption characterization. The experimental outcomes revealed that the composites with 10 wt% particles possess higher mechanical performance, including a tensile strength of 27.97 ± 1.20 MPa, a flexural strength of 46.78 ± 1.61 MPa, an impact strength of 8.11 ± 0.91 kJ/m², and a Shore D hardness of 83 ± 2.1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composites containing 10 wt% particles exhibited uniform particle dispersion, which contributed to improved composite properties. In addition, these composites are thermally stable up to 415.34 °C, as confirmed through thermogravimetric analysis. An increase in water absorption rate and a decrease in water contact angle with higher particle content confirmed the hygroscopicity of the filler. Overall, the 10 wt% Artabotrys hexapetalus seed particles loaded composites demonstrated an optimal balance of mechanical, thermal, and moisture-resistant, making them suitable for sustainable lightweight structural applications.