Forensic validation and population genetic evaluation of an MPS-based integrated microhaplotype and Y-SNP/STR (MY) system

, phylogenetic tree, and STRUCTURE, based on data from 26 populations in the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) and a Guangdong Han (GDH) cohort. The results indicate that the integrated MH and Y-SNP/Y-STR panel provides complementary information for forensic mixture analysis, paternal-lineage characterization, and biogeographic ancestry inference, while further population-scale and inter-laboratory studies will be valuable for broader implementation.