Economic strategies of monetization in video game software architecture: Analysis of microtransactions, battle pass, and loot box systems

This paper systematically restructures and methodologically improves existing research on the integration of microtransactions, battle pass systems, and loot box mechanics into the software architecture of modern video games. By combining a theoretical literature review, quantitative analysis (ARPU, correlation between spending and indicators of problematic behavior), and comparative regulatory analysis, the paper addresses three research questions: differences in ARPU between monetization models, the relationship between spending on loot boxes and problematic behavior, and the effects of regulatory interventions on publisher revenues. Based on the findings, technical, ethical, and regulatory recommendations are proposed for sustainable monetization practices.