Philosophical exploration shows contradictions in claims about pain’s unshareable nature.
Do I have something no one else can have when I am in pain? This puzzle about the so‐called ‘privacy of ownership’ of sensations is a special case of the problem of whether the states and qualities of a subject are particulars. (For if someone ‘has’ a pain, then that someone ‘is in’ a pain state and vice versa.) The debate addressing the problem is unclear regarding the distinction between what is ‘had’ in having pain and owner‐individuated experiential episodes. The most common answer to the question claims that other people cannot have the numerically identical pain but only a qualitatively identical one. Building on recent work on states, events, and processes, I show that this answer is caught in a trilemma when faced with the task of identifying the allegedly unshareable particular that is ‘had’; a trilemma that renders the answer either incoherent, false, or trivial.
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Bernhard Ritter (2026) studied this question.
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