Research Review: Independent living programmes: the influence on youth ageing out of care (YAO)

Independent living programmes ( ILPs ) aid in promoting productive outcomes for youth ageing out of care ( YAO ). This narrative review aimed to determine if sufficient evidence exists to substantiate statements regarding the effectiveness of ILPs based upon outcome studies published from J anuary 2006 through D ecember 2012. Are current ILPs effectively promoting independent living and productive outcomes among youth leaving foster care, relative to similar youth who do not participate in an ILP ? Six studies published in E nglish, in the USA and in peer‐reviewed journals included non‐experimental design ( n = 1), quantitative designs ( n = 2), mixed methods design ( n = 2) and randomized design ( n = 1). Five outcomes addressing education, employment, housing, mental health, and living skills emerged. Weak evidence that ILPs effectively aid YAO exists. Additionally, inconsistencies exist in methodology. Finally, differences in important components in the ILPs exist, making comparisons difficult.