Exploring the spatial patterns of cesarean section delivery in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey-4

Introduction Almost every day, 800 women die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications around the world. The risks and costs associated with C-section deliveries are significant, mainly where there was no medical indication. Past research has shown a positive and significant association with C-section and maternal death. Objective The paper attempts to throw light on the pattern of C-section delivery in India at district levels as the increasing use of medical technologies during childbirth is a matter of concern. Methods Bivariate, logistic regression and spatial analyses techniques have been used for analysis purpose, using the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data conducted in 2015–16. Results C-section have shown variability across all the states, and shifting from public to private is associated with an increase in the number of deliveries. Variables like the educational status of women, wealth, ANC, and OOPE were significantly associated with C-section. Conclusions There should be the provision of maternity benefits given to women who belong to below poverty line (BPL). Routine monitoring and evaluation of emergency obstetric services should be carried out. Further research to improve the quality of care in public health institutions should be made.