The article reviews the state of knowledge on the biosynthesis of cardenolides in the genus Digitalis. It summarizes studies with labelled and unlabelled precursors leading to the formulation of the putative cardenolide pathway. Alternative pathways of cardenolide biosynthesis are discussed as well. Special emphasis is laid on enzymes involved in either pregnane metabolism or the modification of cardenolides.
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Kreis et al. (1998) studied this question.
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