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ABSTRACT The antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties of the isoflavone genistein ( 1 ) and the alkaloid 11‐α‐hydroxyerysotrine ( 2 ) isolated from the leaves of Erythrina speciosa were assessed. Both compounds exhibited notable in vitro antioxidant activities; 11‐α‐hydroxyerysotrine ( 2 ) demonstrated stronger effects than genistein in DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays. On the other hand, genistein ( 1 ) demonstrated a higher metal chelating activity than 11‐α‐hydroxyerysotrine ( 2 ). Regarding enzyme inhibition, 11‐α‐hydroxyerysotrine ( 2 ) inhibited both acetyl‐ (AchE) and butyryl‐ (BchE) cholinesterases, though to a lesser extent than the standard drug galanthamine. Both compounds inhibited tyrosinase, yet a good inhibition was observed for 11‐α‐hydroxyerysotrine ( 2 ) as compared to genistein ( 1 ). Genistein ( 1 ) showed a lower α‐amylase inhibition effect (IC 50 : 3.43 mg/mL, p < 0.05) compared to the standard acarbose (IC 50 : 0.80 mg/mL). Regarding α‐glucosidase inhibition, genistein ( 1 ) (IC 50 : 1.02 mg/mL, p < 0.05) was more active than acarbose (IC 50 : 1.78 mg/mL). 11‐α‐Hydroxyerysotrine ( 2 ) exhibited lower α‐amylase (IC 50 : 4.09 mg/mL) and α‐glucosidase (IC 50 : 4.48 mg/mL) inhibition effects. The in vitro biological results were further supported by network pharmacology approaches on Alzheimer's disease and in silico studies performed on AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, α‐amylase, and β ‐glucosidase enzymes. The results of our study suggest 11‐α‐hydroxyerysotrine as a potential drug candidate for further investigation in managing oxidative stress‐related conditions, Alzheimer's disease, and hyperpigmentation disorders.
Fahmy et al. (Wed,) studied this question.