Self-healable, super tough graphene oxide–poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels facilitated by dual cross-linking effects through dynamic ionic interactions

) and stretchability (elongation at break = 2980%). Furthermore, after being treated at 45 °C for 48 h, the cut-off GO-PAA nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit good self-healing properties (tensile strength = 495 kPa, elongation at break = 2470%). The self-healable, super tough GO-PAA nanocomposite hydrogels lay a basis for developing advanced soft materials holding potential applications in modern biomedical engineering and technology.