Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes in lithium-ion and all-solid-state lithium batteries

LiNi 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O 2 cathodes have been prepared by a solid-state reaction process. The effects of calcination and post-annealing temperature on electrochemical performances were systematically investigated for both of the lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes and all-solid-state lithium batteries with sulfide solid electrolytes. The particle size of the LiNi 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O 2 materials increases with calcination temperatures, whereas after calcination, the shape and size of LiNi 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O 2 particles were independent of post-annealing temperatures. The LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 calcinated at 850 °C and followed by post-annealing at 800 °C maintains 97.6 % capacity retention after 30 cycles and has a capacity of 117 mAh g −1 at a current of 5 C (current density of 24.1 mA/cm 2 ) in a voltage range of 2.8 and 4.3 V in lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the optimal sample has the first discharge capacity of about 115 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.11 mA cm −2 in the all-solid-state lithium battery with Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 as solid state electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the post-annealing process plays an important role in suppressing the increase of cell impedance during charging–discharging. The experimental results suggest that the post-annealed LiNi 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O 2 material is very suitable as one of the leading cathode materials for lithium-ion and solid-state lithium batteries with long cycle life and high power density.