Welding metallurgy of stainless steels during resistance spot welding Part I: fusion zone

Weldability is one of the key requirements for automotive materials. This two-part paper aims at understanding the metallurgical phenomena during resistance spot welding of stainless steels, as interesting candidates for automotive body in white. Part I addresses the phase transformations in the fusion zone of three types of stainless steels including austenitic, ferritic and duplex types. The solidification and solid state phenomena including columnar to equiaxed transition, ferrite–austenite post-solidification transformation, martensitic transformation and carbide precipitation are discussed. Particular attention is given to the effect of high cooling rate of resistance spot welding process on the ferrite–austenite transformation. Key factors controlling the hardness of the fusion zone are highlighted.