Temporal Dynamics and Latency Patterns of Receptor Neuron Input to the Olfactory Bulb

Odorants are first represented in the brain by distributed patterns of activity in the olfactory bulb (OB). Although neurons downstream of sensory inputs respond to odorants with temporally structured activity, sensory inputs to glomeruli are typically described as static maps. Here, we imaged the temporal dynamics of receptor neuron input to the OB with a calcium-sensitive dye in the olfactory receptor nerve terminals in anesthetized mice. We found that diverse, glomerulus- and odorant-dependent temporal dynamics are present even at this initial input stage. Instantaneous spatial patterns of receptor input to glomeruli changed both within and between respiration cycles. Glomerular odorant responses differed in amplitude, latency, rise time, and degree of modulation by sniffing in an odorant-specific manner. Pattern dynamics within the first respiration cycle recurred in a similar manner during consecutive cycles. When sniff rate was increased artificially, pattern dynamics were preserved in the first sniff but were attenuated during subsequent sniffs. Temporal response properties were consistent across individuals on a coarse regional scale and on a fine scale of individual glomeruli. Latency and magnitude of glomerular inputs were only weakly correlated and might therefore convey independent odorant information. These data demonstrate that glomerular maps of primary sensory input to the OB are temporally dynamic. These dynamics may contribute to the representation of odorant information and affect information processing in the central olfactory system of rodents.