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Two mechanisms of the interconversion of NADH and NAD+ in the coenzyme itself and in its analogues are discussed: a one-step hydride transfer and a stepwise electron-proton-electron transfer. Direct characterization of the transient species in the stepwise process and inversion of the stability order of the keto and enol tautomers is presented. The nonenzymatic and enzyme-mediated reactions of selected pyridinium salts that affect the NADH NAD+ equilibrium are discussed in terms of their potential cytotoxicity.
Gębicki et al. (Tue,) studied this question.