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Investigates plasma equations of state influenced by κ-Fermi distributed electrons, suggesting impact on hydrodynamics.
A nonextensive statistical approach is developed to investigate the equations of state of partially ionized plasmas containing nonthermal free electrons. The average-atom model is adopted to simulate the plasma ionization balance, in which the κ-Fermi distribution is applied for the free electrons. We introduce a nonequilibrium kinetic temperature that consistently characterizes the electron mean kinetic energy. The κ-Fermi distribution substantially reduces the electron pressure and the average ionization degree of the plasma, which has a much more significant impact on high-Z plasmas than low-Z plasmas. This should influence the plasma hydrodynamics remarkably when nonthermal electrons are present, such as in the Hohlraum dynamics of laser-driven inertial confinement fusion.
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Sun et al. (2026) studied this question.
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