Ten Common Criticisms of the Critical Power Model Revisited

The critical power (CP) model offers a physiologically grounded mathematical framework for understanding the limits of human exercise performance. Despite its strong empirical foundation and broad application in both research and practice, the CP concept remains frequently misunderstood. Misconceptions about its physiological foundations, mathematical structure, and practical application, along with the emergence of other performance models have contributed to inappropriate use, scepticism, and confusion—both in the literature and in the field. In this article, we identify and critically evaluate ten of the most pervasive critiques of the CP model. These include: CP being a purely mathematical construct without physiological basis; CP representing an indefinitely sustainable power output; and claims that other models have rendered CP obsolete. For each critique, we examine the underlying assumptions and available evidence, with the aim of clarifying how the model can be most appropriately applied and interpreted. Overall, the CP model is congruent with current understanding of exercise physiology, while its limitations highlight the complexity and manifestation of fatigue dynamics across different exercise intensity domains. When applied within an appropriate context, CP remains a useful and informative tool for characterising exercise tolerance and understanding the complex interplay between exercise intensity, exercise duration, and fatigue.