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Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) accumulates in the nuclei of mammalian cells exposed to reduced O2 tension in a time- and O2 concentration-dependent manner. HIF-1 plays an important role in O2 homeostasis by activating transcription of genes whose products mediate essential cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia, including erythropoiesis (erythropoietin), glycolysis (glucose transporter-1, aldolase A, enolase 1, lactate dehydrogenase A, phosphofructokinase L, and phosphoglycerate kinase 1), vasculogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor), and vasodilation (inducible nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase 1).
Semenza et al. (Wed,) studied this question.