This paper explores the determinants of gubernatorial election outcomes at the national level. Gubernatorial elections are found to be sensitive to swings in the national economy and presidential popularity. Somewhat surprisingly, gubernatorial elections are not found to be sensitive to the type of midterm election phenomenon found in congressional elections. Also, incumbency is a very important determinant of gubernatorial election outcomes.
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Thomas M. Holbrook-Provow (1987) studied this question.
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