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Doctors are often given information about a patient by family members others and asked to keep it secret from the patient. Deciding what to do being told such a secret can be a troubling, guilt-provoking experience practitioners. Are we not sworn to keep patients fully informed of we know about them, both out of respect for their autonomy and to them make choices about their care?...Despite this ethical indictment of, I have often found confidential information extremely valuable in for patients, and I have frequently disobeyed the disclosure imperative remained silent. How are we physicians to reconcile these conflicting and arrive at a policy for dealing with secrets that is respectful of and acceptable to our consciences?...Openness remains the ideal, but full disclosure at all times is both unworkable and.
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John F. Burnum (1991) studied this question.
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