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The current study examines head impact exposure in youth soccer and quantifies the relationship between impact location, impact magnitude and brain deformation using data previously collected with an instrumented mouthpiece in combination with a high-resolution brain finite element (FE) model. This study demonstrates that maximum principal strain (MPS) varies by impact source. The largest strains were observed when the ball was kicked prior to the header and the smallest strains were observed resulting from impacts when the headed ball was received from another header.
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Miller et al. (2025) studied this question.
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