Variability and Pattern of Spontaneous Respiration in Different Types of Cardiac Rhythm Regulation of Highly Trained Athletes

Using spiroarteriocardiorhythmography, 202 highly qualified male athletes aged 22.6 ± 2.8 years, who are representatives of acyclic sports were examined. According to HRV (hearth rate variability), the types of the athletes' cardiac rhythm regulation were determined. There are 4 types of autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm: Type I – indicates moderate stress, Type II – indicates a decrease in the functional state of regulatory systems, the development of fatigue, Type III – indicates the optimal state of regulation, Type IV – indicates overstrain of autonomic regulation or high fitness. The athletes with a predominance of central (types I and II) and autonomous (types III and IV) effects on the cardiac rhythm regulation are differentiated by indicators of total respiration power (TPR, (l/min)²) and power in the high frequency range (HFR), (l/min)²). Athletes with the type IV cardiac rhythm regulation had a more significant contribution of the low-frequency component (LFRn, n.u.) in the regulation of spontaneous respiration than athletes with type I and II cardiac rhythm regulation. In the type II regulation of cardiac rhythm there is a significant decrease in expiratory duration (s), which is also manifested by a significant increase in the ratio of inspiratory and expiratory phases, which may characterize expiratory insufficiency for this type.