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Novel technologies for the development of nanofertilizers have revolutionized modern agriculture and have improved nutrient delivery and use efficiency. This new generation of fertilizers consists of particles smaller than 100 nm in size, which is quite different from conventional fertilizers. Owing to their increased surface area, microscopically smaller nanoparticles improve nutrient distribution and interact more effectively with plant roots. Nanofertilizers may allow elaboration in formulations with active content, including growth-promoting or pest-resistant substances, in addition to being optimally efficient and less hazardous to the environment. They can be classified according to the nutrient type, composition, and form of nutrient release. These range from major heads, such as nutrient-based nanoparticles, including nano-nitrogen, nano-phosphorus, and nano-potassium fertilizers, which deliver the key nutrients with precision and efficiency, to nanoscale coatings of fertilizers and advanced hybrid formulations that incorporate nutrients with other beneficial agents. Some provide for a slow release that is controlled, whereas others employ the latest technologies that ensure environmental responsiveness. Although in their infancy, nanofertilizers hold great promise for improving crop yields with minimum ecological impact, thus supporting the quest for more sustainable farming practices. This is especially important in addressing worldwide challenges such as environmental conservation and food security, even though broad implementation is still in its infancy.
Sheershwal et al. (Sun,) studied this question.