As erythropoietin's (Epo) basic function is stimulation of red blood cell production, systemic overexpression of Epo results in erythrocytosis. The patho-physiological consequences of chronically elevated red blood cell counts have been studied in Epo overexpressing mice. Genetically modified mice, however, played also an important role in discovering multiple additional functions of Epo besides stimulating erythrocyte production. Non-erythropoietic functions of Epo are widespread and play a role in organogenesis during early embryonic development and in tissue protection in ischemic diseases. Future work in the field will most likely focus on these additional functions of Epo that harbor a great clinical potential.
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Vogel et al. (2011) studied this question.