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3-Acetoxyquinuclidine was found to act as a catalytic electron donor species in a variety of electron donor–acceptor complex-mediated reactions. Only substoichiometric amounts (10–25 mol %) were needed to trigger the desired reaction. The outcome could be tuned by selecting the nature of the formed radical to perform amino- and hydro-decarboxylation, dimerization, and cyclization reactions. Importantly, no external additives were needed in this reaction.
Bosque et al. (Fri,) studied this question.