Updates on Renal Mass Ablation

Incidental renal masses detected on imaging performed for nonrenal indications are increasingly common in contemporary practice. Appropriate management is essential to achieve favorable patient outcomes while avoiding unnecessary intervention. Percutaneous ablation has substantially expanded the treatment options for selected renal masses. This narrative review summarizes contemporary evidence on the evaluation and percutaneous ablative management of incidentally detected small renal masses, with emphasis on patient selection, major ablation modalities, postablation complications, imaging follow-up, and oncologic and functional outcomes. Because this is a narrative review rather than a systematic review, the literature was selected from major urological and interventional radiology guidelines, systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and recent clinically relevant cohort studies.