This study examines susceptibility to Russian propaganda in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania using survey data (N = 1218). Susceptibility was measured through agreement with 20 statements representing 10 narratives. Multi-factor ANOVA models identify how demographic and information-environment factors relate to this continuous score. Across countries, linguistic identity and trust in Russian-oriented or alternative platforms increase susceptibility, whereas trust in mainstream news, experts, and science has protective effects. Emotional reactions to social media and perceived online influence also play meaningful roles. Clustering identifies four audience profiles, showing that vulnerability reflects intersecting patterns of identity, information access, and media engagement.
Kangur et al. (Wed,) studied this question.