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Theoretical exploration reveals spacetime emergence from QCD confinement in the early universe, suggesting phase-transition cosmology's potential.
The early universe exhibits a temperature‑driven phase transition — the QCD confinement transition — that marks the emergence of classical spacetime from a pre‑geometric quantum regime. This transition separates two distinct domains of physical law: a quantum domain in which spacetime is undefined, and a relativistic domain in which spacetime becomes smooth and curvature is well‑defined. This paper argues that spacetime itself is an emergent phenomenon arising from confinement dynamics, and that this emergence should form the foundation of a new research program: phase‑transition cosmology. This program treats the early universe not as a unified system governed by a single set of laws, but as a sequence of phase transitions that define the domains of validity of quantum mechanics, classical spacetime, and the fundamental interactions. By reframing the early universe in this way, we identify new theoretical opportunities and avoid the conceptual pitfalls of traditional unification programs
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MICHAEL BISWELL (2026) studied this question.
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