Key result
Case-control studies should become the major study design in surgical research when randomized controlled trials are unethical or logistically impossible to conduct.
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Design
Editorial
Case-control studies are advocated as a major study design in surgical research when RCTs are not feasible, replacing case series.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard in terms of study design, however, in the surgical setting conducting RCTs can often be unethical or logistically impossible. Case-control studies should become the major study design used in surgical research when RCTs are unable to be conducted and definitely replacing case series which offer little insight into surgical outcomes and disease processes.
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Cao et al. (2016) reported an editorial. Case-control studies should become the major study design in surgical research when randomized controlled trials are unethical or logistically impossible to conduct.
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