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•Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has immunomodulatory effects in perioperative pain management.•DEX can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines.•DEX has dose-dependent effects on tumor progression.•Optimizing DEX dosing may improve the therapeutic outcomes of cancer surgery.•Further research is needed to clarify DEX's impact on cancer recurrence and survival, as the findings remain mixed.
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Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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