Southern African pholcid spiders: revision and cladistic analysis of Quamtana gen. nov. and Spermophora Hentz (Araneae: Pholcidae), with notes on male-female covariation

The southern African pholcid spiders previously assigned to Pholcus and Spermophora are revised and their phylogenetic position within Pholcidae is analysed cladistically. Two distinct groups are recognized: the first is restricted to the Cape region and probably correctly placed in Spermophora; it includes Spermophora peninsulae Lawrence and four new species. The second is more widely distributed in southern and eastern South Africa, and reaches as far north as Cameroon, Congo (Democratic Republic) and Uganda; it is assigned generic status (Quamtana gen. nov.), and includes two species transferred from Pholcus[Q. leptopholcica (Strand), Q. ciliata (Lawrence)] as well as 23 new species. A key to the pholcid spiders of South Africa is presented. A close correlation between a male character (distance between cheliceral apophyses) and a female character (distance between pockets on epigynum) is documented in Quamtana.