Prevalence of Anemia in Saudi Women of Reproductive Age and its Association with a Family History of Anemia in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: Anemia is a widespread public health issue, especially among women of reproductive age, influenced by physiological, nutritional, and socioeconomic factors. Familial history and genetic predisposition may play critical roles in its prevalence. This study investigates the impact of familial history and sociodemographic factors on anemia among Saudi women, emphasizing preventive strategies for high-risk groups. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 809 women aged 12–49 years residing in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data on anemia prevalence, familial history, and sociodemographic variables. Statistical analyses were employed to determine associations between anemia and these factors. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 57% (461 respondents). A statistically significant association was found between familial history and anemia prevalence ( P < 0.001). However, no significant correlations were identified between anemia and educational attainment, marital status, income, medication use, or chronic illnesses. Conclusion: Familial history significantly influences anemia prevalence among Saudi women, emphasizing the need for early detection and management in genetically predisposed individuals. Public health interventions should focus on raising awareness, implementing screening programs, and adopting preventive strategies for high-risk populations.