Observations made on spawning anadromous Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) demonstrated that anadromous females were aggressive toward stream-resident mature males but were never aggressive toward subordinate anadromous males. Landlocked females only attacked subordinate males smaller than the α male. The number of times that females spawned in a nest depended on the mating attempts of stream-resident and subordinate males. Such attempts discouraged females from ovipositing. Through this behaviour, female anadromous Dolly Varden possibly increase anadromy and fitness in offspring by choosing anadromous males; female landlocked Dolly Varden possibly increase the size and fitness of offspring by choosing relatively large males.
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Maekawa et al. (1993) studied this question.
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