An assumed strain finite element model for large deflection composite shells

A nine node finite element model has been developed for analysis of geometrically non‐linear laminated composite shells. The formulation is based on the degenerate solid shell concept and utilizes a set of assumed strain fields as well as assumed displacement Two different local orthogonal co‐ordinate systems were used to maintain invariance of the element stiffness matrix. The formulation assumes strain and the determinant of the Jacobian matrix to be linear in the thickness direction. This allows analytical integration in the thickness direction regardless of ply layups. The formulation also allows the reference plane to be different from the shell midsurface. The results of numerical tests demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the present approach.