A novel approach, named guided conversion enhancement, has been established to improve the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) sensitivity of cation detection in water. Two processes were involved in this approach: the main part was replacement reaction that converted the cations in water to solid granules on the surface of an immersed metallic sheet; the other was electric assistance that increased local cation concentration and strengthened the reaction. With the aid of replacement reaction and an electric field, a detection limit of 16 ppb was achieved for copper cation (Cu2+) detection in a water solution of CuSO4. The obtained results suggest that this approach has significant potential to be developed as an effective method for underwater cation detection.
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Lu et al. (2010) studied this question.
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