Key result
Gene-based and cell-based approaches to create a biological pacemaker are being developed as potential supplements or alternatives to electronic pacemakers.
This review highlights the progress and future directions in developing gene- and cell-based biological pacemakers as potential alternatives to electronic pacemakers.
Biological pacemakers remain investigational; review leaves open clinical translation pending safety and efficacy trials.
Over the past decade, rapid progress in the molecular studies of cardiac ion channels and stem cells biology has led to efforts to create a biological pacemaker to supplement the widely-used electronic pacemaker. This review focuses on the main concepts of cardiac pacemaker activities in different heart regions and the patented approaches to design a working biological pacemaker. The gene-based and cell-based approaches to meet the requirements of a working biological pacemaker are reviewed. Possible future development and precautions for creation of an effective biological pacemaker superior to the electronic counterpart are discussed. Keywords: Cardiac pacemaker activity, biological pacemaker, HCN pacemaker channels, Kir2.1 potassium channels, inward current, outward current, gene transfer, stem cell, ventricular rate control
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Han‐Gang Yu (2009) conducted a review in Cardiac pacemaker activity. Biological pacemaker vs. Electronic pacemaker was evaluated. Gene-based and cell-based approaches to create a biological pacemaker are being developed as potential supplements or alternatives to electronic pacemakers.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: